A BIBLE JOURNEY 




Class 

Book 

CopyrightN 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



A BIBLE JOURNEY 



COMPILED FOR USE IN 

BIBLE CLASS 

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL 
NEWARK, NEW JERSEY 



A BIBLE 
JOURNEY 




BY 

R. N. WARING 

MCMIV 



; 1999 



Copyright, 1903. by 
Robert Newton Waring. 






PREFACE. 



GOD'S WORKS, the more intently they are exam- 
ined, the more marvelous and illimitable they 
appear. Xot to have at least some familiarity with 
them would be, in tbe> educational attainments of any 

individual, a glaring and disgraceful defect. 

Xo less wonderful than His Works, and of no less 
importance and value, are His Words as transmitted 
to humanity in the Book of books. What shall be 
said, what can be said, in extenuation of any person 
in enlightened lands who, though including in his cur- 
riculum the study of many books, ignores the greatest 
book : Greatest in period of compilation, in number of 
translations, in circulation, in character and fame of 
its writers, in nature of its contents and world-wide 
significance of its themes, in beauty and dignity of lan- 
guage, in growing, purifying, and uplifting influence 
on all classes, ages, and conditions ? Mo other book 
touches life at so many points, affords so perfect 
an ideal, is so safe a guide, has been and continues to 
be so often quoted or alluded to in discourse and lit- 
erature, has wrought such regenerations and brought 
such joy for time and eternity to earth's sons and 
daughters, has done so much for art, science, letters, 
law, government, civil and social progress, interna- 
tional peace, the alleviation of human suffering, and 

the relief of human need, or has been such a source 
of strength to preachers, missionaries, martyrs, 



heroes, philanthropists, reformers, writers, poets, 
educators, philosophers, statesmen— in short, to 
every worthy profession and craft. It is a book 
which never grows old, never is exhausted, always 
has something new ; is the only book that thoroughly 
satisfies, the only book, except so far as others copy, 
that points out the way of salvation, reveals the true 
nature of God, shows man as he really is, and tells 
his destiny. Its truths are universal and eternal, and 
there is no person to whom they should not be taught 
or to whom, on the other hand, their absence does 
not mean moral darkness and degradation. Nobody 
has anything better to take its place, and nobody in 
his last hours has ever been known to say that the 
time spent on it was wasted. To be well acquainted 
with its contents is a liberal education, and to live 
it is life eternal. 

R. N. W. 

Newark, N. J., December 25, 1903. 



NOTE OF EXPLANATION. 

Part First (Itinerary) shows the stopping points on the journey. They 
constitute the leading or typical events and themes of the Bible, arranged 
in the order of its narrative, and are intended to be the subjects of comment 
and discussion in the class as, book by book, the ground is traversed. The 
view should, ever be with reference to the moral lessons conveyed and the 
spiritual truths enforced. 

Part Second (Time Table) will prove of value for purposes of refer- 
ence, as indicating the chronological order and setting. The filling of its 
column headed "Record" will be found an instructive exercise. 

Part Third is a review of the Land, its geography, geology, et^. ; the 
People, their biography, manners, etc. ; and the Book, its object, genuine- 
ness, etc. 

The blank pages comprising Part Fourth are for the convenience of 
those who read, look, and listen, with pen or pencil in hand. 






I. ITINERARY. 



"Enter ye in at the strait gate : for wide is the gate, and broad is the 
way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat : 
Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, 
and few there be that find it." — Matt. vii. 13, 14. 

Genesis 

The miracle of creation, chapter 1 

Adam and Eve in Eden, 2, 3 

The tragedy of Cain and Abel, 4 

The end of all flesh, 6 

A way of escape, 7 

Trying to reach heaven, 11 

From country and kindred, 12 

Fleeing from Sodom, 19 

A crucial test, 22 
Selling his birthright, 25 
At the celestial gate, 28 
Before the Pharaoh, 41 

Exodus 

An oppressed people, 1 

A call to service, 3 

The ten plagues, 7-12 

Out of Egypt, 13 

A pillar of cloud and fire, 14 

Bitter waters made sweet, 15 

Bread from heaven, 16 

The smitten rock, 17: 1-7 

Amalek's discomfiture, 17: 8-16 

The ten words, 20 

The tabernacle of the Most High, 25-31 

The golden calf, 32 

Leviticus 

An offering without blemish, 1-7 
The Urim and the Thummim, 8 

Burning strange incense, 10 

Unspotted and pure, 11-15 
The day of atonement, 16 

The law of holiness, 17-26 

Devoted unto the Lord, 27 



ITINERARY 



Numbers 

Counting the forces, 1 

Ministering in the sanctuary. 3. 4 

Separate from strong drink. 6 

A voice from the mercy seat, 7 

From Sinai to Kadesh. 10-12 

Giants in the way. 13 

Life for a look. 21 

Balak's message to Baalam, 22-24 

In the plains of Moab, 26 

The great sin of not doing, 32 

Deuteronomy 

Y\~andering in the wilderness ,1-3 

Observe and do, 5-2-1 

Ebal and Gerizim. 27: 12, 13 

The secret things of God, 29 : 29 

Kept as the apple of the eye. 32: 10 

A view from Pisgah, 3-4 

Joshua 

Up and possess, 1 

On Jordan's stormy banks, 3 

Walls that fell by faith. 6 

The valley of Achor. 7 

Overcoming, 8-12 

Setting the bounds, 13-21 

A call for decision, 24 

Judges 

Mingling with the Canaanites, 1 

iving Baal and Ashtaroth, 2 

The exploit of Ehud, 3 

Putting to flight the army of an alien, 4. 5 

Gideon and the three hundred, 6-8 

Sowing a city with salt, 9 

Shibboleth and Sibboleth, 12 

A strong weak man, 13-16 

Ruth 

dfastly minded. 1 
Gleaning in the fields of Boaz, 2 
ping into the royal line, 4 



ITINERARY 



I. Samuel 

An indulgent father, 2 

Called to be a prophet, 3 

Presuming on the ark, 4 

A king visible, 10 

The fall of Goliath, 17 
An interceding friend, 19 
The Twitch of En-dor, 28 

II. Samuel 

King over all Israel, 5 

A profane touch, 6 

Dwelling in Zion, 7 

A double sin, 11 

The chamber over the gate, 18 



I. Kings 

In dreamland, 3 

A temple made with hands, 6-8 

The half had not been told, 10 

A divided love, 11 

Rehoboam 's joke, 12 

A disrupted kingdom, 12 



JUDAH 

Despoiling the house of God, 14 
Walking in the sins of 
his father, 15 : 3 
Perfect with Jehovah, 15: 14 



ISRAEL 

Political religion, 12 

The unfailing cruise, 17: 8-16 

From death to life, 17: 17-24 

Halting between two opinions ,18 

The still small voice, 19 

A judicial murder, 21 



II. Kings 



Trusting in alliances, 18 

Destruction of Sennacherib's 

army, 19 

Worshiping the host of heaven, 21 

A lost book, 22 

Carried away to Babylon, 25 



The multiplied oil ,4: 1-7 

Entertaining a prophet, 4: 8-37 

A great man but a leper, 5 

An army round about, 6 

Fleeing when no man pursues, 7 

Impure zeal, 9, 10 
Feeble faith and partial 
victory, 13 
Marching to slavery, 17, 18 



ITINERARY 



I. Chronicles 

Many people of many minds, 1-9 

Pec la rino- His glory among the nations, 16 

A drawn sword, 21 

Preparing abundantly, 22 

To each his work, 23-27 

II. Chronicles 

Blessing only through obeying, 7 

Expanding the borders, 8 

An age of gold, 9 

A posthumous message, 21 

Ezra 

Returning from captivity, 1 

A noise heard afar off, 3 

Hindering the work, 4 

Nehemiah 

A royal commission, 2 
Rebuilding the wall, 3, 4 
Causing to understand, 8 

Esther 

Saving the king's life, 2 
I n sackcloth and ashes, 4 
Erecting his own gallows, 5-7 

Job 

The man of Uz, 1 

The problem of evil, 3-37 

Words without knowledge, 38 

Restored twofold, 42 

Psalms 

Beside still waters, 23 

Girded with gladness, 30 

A very present help, 4(> 

Under the shadow of the Almighty. 91 

On the wings of the morning, 139 



ITINEKAK Y 



Proverbs 

Seeking but not finding, 1 

In the congregation of the dead, 21 

A lion in the way, 22 

Wounds without cause, 23 

Of more value than rubies, 31 

Ecclesiastes 

Nothing new under the sun, 1 

Time for everything except to serve God, 3 

The whole duty of man, 12 

Song of Solomon 

True to her betrothed, 1, 2 

Resisting the blandishments of a royal suitor, 3, 4 

An invincible union, 8 

Isaiah 

The Prince of Peace, 9 
A song of triumph, 14 
Safety by salvation, 26 
Overcome with wine, 28 

Jeremiah 

The suicide of isolation, 2 

A broken jar, 19 

Trusting in a lie, 28 

The reckless penknife, 36 

Facing Nebuchadrezzar, 52 

Lamentations 

The memory of better days, 1 

Drinking the cup of woe, 4 

A fallen crown, 5 

Ezekiel 

Saying Peace when there is no peace, 13 

A useless vine, 15 

The valley of dry bones, 37 

Vision of the new temple ,40-43 



10 



ITINEKAEY 



Daniel 

Refusing the king's meat and wine, 1 
The forgotten dream, 2 

The fiery furnace, 3 
Weighed and wanting, 5 

In the lions' den, 6 
The Ancient of days, 7 

Hosea 

Joined to idols, 4 

A half-baked cake, 7 

Reaping the whirlwind, 8 

Joel 

A new spirit, 2 
Summoned to judgment, 3 

Amos 

At ease in Zion, 6 
Songs changed to howlings, 8 
Sifting the house of Israel, 9 

Obadiah 

The doom of Edom 



Jonah 

Running away from duty, 1 

Preaching to the Ninevites, 3 

Repining at God's mercy, 4 

Micah 

An incurable wound, ^ 
A new kingdom, 

Nahum 
Scattered upon the mountains, 3 

Habakkuk 

Justification by faith, 2 
Joy in adversity, 3 



ITINERARY 11 

Zephaniah 

A day of wrath, 1 
The enemy cast out, 3 

Haggai 

To the work, 1 
Greater glory, 2 

Zechariah 

The man with the measuring line, 2 

Clothed with filthy garments, 3 

Despising the day of small things, 4 

The flying roll, 5 

A fountain for sin and uncleanness, 13 

Malachi 

Causing many to stumble, 2 

Bobbing God, 3 
The Sun of righteousness, 4 

Matthew 

The babe of Bethlehem, 1 

Led by a star, 2 

Preparing the way, 3 

Tempted of the devil, 4 

Teaching with authority, 5-7 

Grievously tormented, 8 

The result according to the faith, 9 

Power against unclean spirits, 10 

The sin of not repenting, 11 

The dance of death, 14 

Whole from that very hour, 15 

The great commission, 28 

Mark 

Good seed in diverse soils, 4 

The touch of faith, 5 

Superabundance from scant supply, 6 

Making the deaf to hear and the dumb to speak, 7 

A momentous problem, 8 

The transfigured Christ, 9 

In Gethsemane, 14 



12 ITINERARY 



Luke 



About his Father's business, 2 

Passing by on the other side, 10 

Taking away the key of knowledge, 11 

Laying up treasures on earth, 12 

A closed door, 13 

Vain excuses, 14 

Wasting his substance, 15 

The impassable gulf, 16 

The grace of gratitude, 17 

Lacking one thing, 18 

Making wrong things right, 19 

The rejected stone, 20 

Heroic giving, 21 

John 

Death the way to life, 12 

The blessing in the doing, 13 

A legacy of peace, 14 

Abiding in the vine, 15 

Preferring Barabbas, 18 

On Golgotha, 19 

Risen from the dead, 20, 21 

Acts 

The ascended Christ, 1 

Tongues of fire, 2 

In His name, 3, 4 

Keeping back part of the price, 5 

Before the council, 6, 7 

Preaching Jesus, 8 

A great light, 9 

Worshiped and stoned, 14 

The man of Macedonia, 16 

Turning the world upside down, 17 

Deferring until a more convenient season, 1'4 

Obedient unto the heavenly vision, 26 

The angel visit in the storm, 27 

I n the imperial city, 28 

Romans 

Debtor to the Greeks and to the Barbarians, 1 

The wages of sin, 6 

Overcoming evil with good, 12 



ITINERARY 13 



I. Corinthians 



Possessing all things, 3 

Abstaining for the sake of others, 8 

The supreme gift, 13 

II. Corinthians 

A living epistle, 3 

Looking at the unseen, 5 

The duty of abounding, 8 

Galatians 

The eye of the soul, 2 

Free from the law, .1 

Sowing and reaping, 6 

Ephesians 

Saved by grace, through faith, 2 
Fully armed, 6 

Philippians 

The approval of the excellent, 1 

Pressing towards the mark, 3 
Trusting in Christ for strength, 4 

Colossians 
Complete in Him, 2 

I. Thessalonians 

Holding fast to that which is good, 5 

II. Thessalonians 

The man of sin, 2 

I. Timothy 
The mystery of godliness, 3 

II. Timothy 
A crown of righteousness, 4 

Titus 

Corporeal piety, 2 



14 ITINEKARY 

Philemon 

No longer a servant 

Hebrews 

Able to save to the uttermost, 7 

Once for all, 9 

Seeing the invisible, 11 

The same yesterday, and to-day, and for ever, 13 

James 

Swift to hear, slow to speak, 1 
Faith without works, 2 

I. Peter 

The enduring word, 1 
God's perfect will, 4 

II. Peter 

Wells without water, 2 
A thousand years as one day, 3 

I. John 

The blood that cleanseth from all sin, 1 
The life of love, 3 

II. John 

Walking in truth 

III. John 

For his name's sake 

Jude 

In everlasting chains 

Revelation 

In the Spirit on the Lord 's day, 1 

A message to the churches, 2, 3 

The sealed book, 5, 6, 8 

The bottomless pit, 9, 11 

The harvest of the world, 14 

In the city of the King, 21 

The great invitation, 22 



II. TIME TABLE. 

"When might these things be?" 



Probable 
Date. 



B.C. 

Unknown 



EVENTS 



Record 
(Book and 
Chapter) 



THE CREATION 

Disobedience of Adam and Eve 

Murder of Abel 

Translation of Enoch 

Revelation to Noah 

THE FLOOD 

Babel (confusion of tongues) 

CALL OF ABEAM (ABRAHAM) 

Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, &c. . . . 

Jacob J s vision at Bethel 

Joseph sold into Egypt 

Settlement of Jacob and family in Goshen 

Oppression of the Israelites 

Birth of Moses 

The ten Plagues 

THE EXODUS 

Giving of the law at Sinai 

Reports of the Spies 

The wilderness wanderings 

Passage of Jordan 

Conquest and Partition of Canaan 



16 



TIME TABLE 



Probable 
Date. 



B. C 



EVENTS 



About 

1400 

to 

1060 



PERIOD OF THE JUDGES; viz.: 

Othniel 

Ehud 

Shamgar 

Deborah 

Barak 

Gideon ( = Jerubbaal) 

Tola 

Jair 

Jephthah 

Ibzan 

Elon 

Abdon 

Samson 

Eli 

Samuel, and his sons 

Joel and 

Abiah (= Abijah) . . 



See I. Sam. 
viii: 1-3 



1060 

1020 

1013 

980 

977 

969 

940 



Note : Some infer from I. Sam. xii. 11 
that there was also a Judge named 
Bedan between Gideon and Jephthah. 



PERIOD OF THE UNITED MONARCHY: 

SAUL inaugurated king 

DAVID anointed king of Judah 

11 made king over all the tribes . 

SOLOMON 'S accession 

The (first) temple begun 

Dedication of the temple 



DIVISION OF THE KINGDOM 



Record 



TIME TABLE 



17 



Probable 
Date 



B. C. 

940 
923 
920 



874 



850 

844 
843 
838 



798 
770 



736 
734 

727 



697 
642 
640 
608 
608 
606 
597 
597 
587 



587 
538 
53 6 
536 
5?5 
5'S 
478 
473 
458 
445 
444 
432 



KINGDOM OF JUDAH 



Rehoboam . 
Abijarv=Abijam 
Asa 



Jehoshaphat=Josaphat 



Jehoram=Joram 
Ahaziah=Jehoahaz 

Athaliah 

Joash=Jehoash . . 



Amaziah . . Joel (or later)-\ 
Uzziah=Azariah/yawA-| . . 



Jotham . . Micah~\ 
Ahaz 



Hezekiah . 



Probable 
Date 



B C. 

940 



918 
916 

893 



876 

854 
853 



843 

816 

799 

784 

74^ 
74i 

740 

737 

73 6 

729 
722 



KINGDOM OF ISRAEL 






Record 



Jeroboam 



Nadab , 

Baasha 

Elah , 

IZimri 

Omri 

Ahab . . . Prophet Elijah^ 



Ahaziah . . Elisha~\ 
Joram=Jehoram , 



Jehu 



IJehoahaz . . . . 
Joash=Jehoash 



Jeroboam II. . . Jonah-\Amos-\Hoshea-\ 
I 

Zachariah=Zechariah 

Vallum 

Menahem 

Pekahiah 

IPekah 



Hoshea=Hosheah ...... 

Ovei throw of Israel by Assyria 



. Zej>haniah-\ . . . Jer*miah-\ 



. Daniel-} 



, Ezekiel . 1 
. Obadiah-y 



Manasseh 

Amon 

Josiah . . . Nahum-\ 

Jehoahaz=Shallum 

Jehoiakim=Eliakim . Habakkuk~\ 
Deportation of Daniel and others | 

[ehoiHchin=Jeconiah=Coniah 

Zedekiah=Mattaniah ...... 

Destruction of Jerusalem; end of Jewish monarchy 

JUUAH UNDER THE BABYLONIANS AND PERSIANS: 

Gedaliah appointed Governor of Judaea 

Babylon taken by Darius 

Edict of Cyrus (Ezra 1: 1-4) 

The first return, under Zerubbabel 

Second temple begun Haggai~\ . . Zechariah~\ 

Complei ion and dedication of second temple .... I I 

K.st her made queen 

Hainan's plot 

The second return, under Ezra 

Vi-it of Nehem ah to Jerusalem Malachi~\ 

The wall of Jerusalem rebuilt 

Second visit of Nehemiah to Jerusalem I . . . ... 

End of Old Testament Canon 



1H 



TIME TABLE 



Hrobab < 
Date 



B.C. 



4 

A. D. 

y 

26 

27 



28 



29 



LIFE OF JESUS 



Record 



BIETH OF JESUS at Bethlehem; traditional 
day, December 25 

Visit of Magi; flight into Egypt; return to 
Nazareth 

When twelve years old attends the passover at 
Jerusalem 

John the Baptist begins preaching 

Baptism and temptation of Jesus 

Wedding at Cana 

(First) cleansing of temple at Jerusalem, dur- 
ing passover ; discourse with Nicodemus . . 

Ministry in Judaea ; departure for Galilee 

Discourse with woman of Samaria 

Healing of nobleman's son, Cana-Capernaum . . . . 

Visit to Jerusalem during a feast (= passover?); 
healing a man at Pool of Bethesda 

First rejection at Nazareth. . ^ **»„„ „,„„ n +^™ 
J Many place these 

Miraculous draugnt of fishes V before the visit to 
Calling of Levi (= Matthew) J Jerusalem. 

Cnoosing of the Twelve 

Sermon on the Mount 

Healing the centurion 's servant 

Baising of widow's son at Nain 

Anointing by a woman in house of Simon 

Parable of the sower 

Stilling of tempest 

Feast at house of Levi (= Matthew) 

Raising of Jairus' daughter; woman healed .... 

Second rejection at Nazareth 

Sending forth the Twelve 

Death of John the Baptist 

Feeding of the 5,000 at Bethsaida, at time of 

passover 

Trip to region of Tyre and Sidon 

Feeding of the 4,000, at Deeapolis 

Visit to Jerusalem, at feast of tabernacles 

The transfiguration [Some authorities put this 

before the feast of tabernacles] 

Rejection in Samaria; departure to Peraea .... 



TIME TABLE 



19 



Probable 






Date 


LIFE OF JESUS 


A I). 
29 


Sending forth of the Seventy 


11 


Parable of the Good 


Samaritan 


1 1 


Visit to Mary and Martha, at Bethany; attendance 




at feast of dedication, in Jerusalem 


30 


Parables of the great 


supper, lost sheep, prodigal 


u 


son, dives and 
Eaising of Lazarus 


Lazarus, &c 




1 1 


Healing of the ten 1 
Healing of Bartimaei 
Zacchaeus receives Je 
PASSION WEEK: 


epers 


is, &c 


sus 




u 


Fri., Mar. 31: 


Jesus goes to Bethany. . . . 


If 


Sat,, Apr. 1: 


Anointing by Mary 




Sun., Apr. 2: 


Triumphal entry into Jeru- 


it 


Mon., Apr. 3: 


salem 


Second cleansing of tem- 






ple 




Tues., Apr. 4: 


Lamentation over Jerusa- 
lem; the widow 's mites; 
Greeks seek Jesus ; 
prophecy of overthrow 
of temple and end of 
world; parable of ten 
virgins; plotting of ru- 
lers and bargain of 
Judas 


H 


Wed., Apr. 5: 


Probably spent in retire- 
ment 


t< 


Thurs., Apr. 6: 


Observance of passover ; 
institution of Lord 's 
Supper; agony in garden 
of Gethsemane; betrayal 
and arrest 


14 


Fri., Apr. 7: 


Jesus before Annas, Caia- 
phas, the Sanhedrin, 
Pilate, Herod, again be- 
fore Pilate; is con- 
demned, crucified, dies, 
and is buried 



Record 



20 



TIME TABLE 



Probable 
Date 



A. D 
30 



30-37 <! 



37-44 j 



45-50 



LIFE OF JESUS 



Record 



THE " FORTY DAYS": 

Sun., Apr. 9 : Appearances of the resur- 
rected Christ (1) to 
Mary Magdalene, (2) 
to the other woman, (3 
or 4) to two on way to 
Emmaus, (4 or 3) to 
Peter, (5) to apostles, 
Thomas being absent. . 

Sun., Apr. 16: Appearance to apostles, 
Thomas being present . . 

Apr.-May: Appearance to seven in 

Galilee; to a multitude 
in Galilee (the great 
commission); to James. 

Thurs., May 18 : THE ASCENSION 

THE APOSTOLIC AGE 

The choice of Matthias 

May 27: DESCENT OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. . . 

Healing of lame man at the gate Beautiful 

Death of Ananias and Sapphira 

Appointment of seven deacons 

Martyrdom of Stephen 

Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch 

CONVERSION OF SAUL (PAUL) 

His trip to Arabia, return to Damascus, visit to 

Jerusalem, &c 

Tabitha (Dorcas) restored to life 

PAUL'S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY. 
Route: Antioch, Selucia, Salamis, Paphos, 
Perga, Antioch of Pisidia, Iconium, Lys- 
tra, Derbe, Lystra, Iconium, Antioch of 
Pisidia, Perga, Attalia, Antioch, Jerusa- 
lem, Antioch 



TIME TABLE 



21 



Probable 
Date 



A. D. 



51-54 



54-58 -j 



r 

58-61 \ 

[ 

61-63 I 



THE APOSTOLIC AGE 



K ecord 



63-66 -i 



PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONAEY JOURNEY: 

Antioch, Syria, Cilicia, Derbe, Lystra, Ico- 
nium, Antioch of Pisidia, Galatia, Phrygia, 
Mysia, Troas, Samothrace, Neapolis, Phil- 
ippi, Amphipolis, Apollonia, Thessalonica, 
Beroea, Athens, Corinth (where he wrote 
I. Thessalonians and II. Thessalonians), 
Ephesus, Caesar ea, Jerusalem, Antioch 
(Galatiansl) 

PAUL'S THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY. 
Antioch, Galatia, Phrygia, Ephesus (I. Cor- 
inthians), Troas, Macedonia (II. Corinthi- 
ans), Greece, Corinth {Romans), Philippi, 
Troas, Assos, Mitylene, Chios, Samos, Mil- 
etus, Cos, Rhodes, Patara, Cyprus, Tyre. 
Ptolemais, Csesarea, Jerusalem 

PAUL'S VOYAGE TO ROME: Jerusalem, Cse- 
sarea, Sidon, Cyprus, Myra, Cnidus, Crete 
[Fair Havens], Melita, Syracuse, Rhegium, 
Puteoli, Apii Forum, Three Taverns, Rome 

(i-irst) imprisonment at Rome {Philemon, Colos- 
sians, Ephesians, Philippians) 

Note : From statements in the pas- 
toral epistles it would appear that Paul 
was released from prison and that in 
the interval of liberty he visited Ephe- 
sus, Macedonia, Troas, Miletus, Crete, 
Nicopolis, conjecturally Spain also, and 
wrote I. Timothy and Titus. After this 
there seems to have been a second Ro- 
man imprisonment, at the close of which, 
just before martyrdom, II. Timothy was 
written. 



III. RETROSPECT. 

"WW0.+ Sew/ ^e. ov\ +U<2. wcuj?" 

THE LAND —State the location, form, size, and boundaries of 
Palestine, the various other names by which it has been known, who 
were its aborigines and what became of them, why given to the chil- 
dren of Israel, and why sometimes called the Fifth Gospel. What 
countries other than it have also been the scene of Bible events? 

Surface. — What portions of Palestine are least and what 
mosl rugged, what least and what most elevated? How far above or 
below ocean level is the Sea of Galilee. Dead Sea, Jerusalem, Mt. 
Ilernion ? Mention some of the Bible mountains, hills, valleys, ravines 

gorges, plains, caves, seas, gulfs, lakes, rivers, brooks or wadies, 
fountains, springs, pools, islands, forests, deserts or wildernesses, and 
specify one or more incidents connected with each. 

Soil, Ac— "What kinds of earth, rock, minerals, metals, and gems 
are alluded to in the Bible? What were the names of the twelve 
precious stones in the high priest's breastplate, what was engraved 
upon them, and in what order were they probably arranged? What 
materials are said by John to compose the foundations and gates of 
the heavenly i 

Climate.— Cite passages of scripture that refer to dew, rain, the 
rainbow, snow, ice, the seasons, heat, cold, violent changes of tem- 
perature, the direction of dry and rain winds, storms, droughts, fam- 
ids. Show that the prognostication "Red in the morn is the 
or's warn but red at night is the sailor's delight ' ' was a familiar 
in New Testament times. 

Sky.— What constellations, stars, and eclipses are mentioned by 
Bible writers? How many stars made obeisance to Joseph in his 
dream? Quote passages of scripture alluding to sunrise, sunset, flie 

. moon, the points of the compass, the earth's c ' unsupported ' ' po- 
sition in space, the myriad number of the heavenly bodies. Tell on 
what occasion the sun and moon were stayed, and explain how this, 
ell as the return of the sun's shadow ten steps at a later period, 
could naturally happen. 

Plants. — Mention some of the Bible trees, shrubs, bushes, vines, 
herbs, spices, grasses, grains, vegetables, plants, flowers, weeds, fruits, 
seeds and vegetable products. State which were the subject of 



BETROSPECT 23 

prophecy, vision, parable, curse, legal enactment, specific comment, 
or are of special interest in connection with the life of Christ. 
What tree was regarded king of the forest, and why? What writers 
allude to a tree of life? On what Bible trees do the blossoms appear 
before the leaves, and what one bears fruit only in alternate years? 
What trees (or their branches or leaves) are symbols of peace; of 
fertility and beauty ; of victory? The flower of what plant is an em- 
blem of loveliness and purity? Where did Abraham spread a meal for 
three angels? Under what tree did Jacob bury the idols of his house- 
hold? In what variety of tree was Absalom caught by the head? 
\\ nat prophet once slept under a juniper tree? What prophetess 
dwelt under a palm tree? What king exchanged wheat for trees? 
What vegetable came up in the night, afforded shelter to a man of 
God, and perished in the morning? What Bible trees, &c, were noted 
for size; for luxuriance; for f ruitf ulness ; for symmetry? In what 
chapters of the Bible are there allusions to harvesting operations and 
to remarkable harvests? 

Animals.— Name some of the Bible beasts, reptiles, insects birds, 
fishes, and animal products. What animals were "clean" and what 
"unclean"; which used in sacrifice; which domesticated and to what 
uses put? What bird was the symbol of gloom and desolation; of 
swiftness; of pride; of love, innocence, peace, and the Holy Spirit? 
To what insect is the sluggard sent? What animal was regarded a 
type of patience and strength; of ferocity and bloodthirstiness; of 
cunning! What animal was the emblem of Judah? Quote several 
Bible injunctions as to the proper treatment of animals, and Bible 
allusions to the noises made by them. Where is it told how eagles 
teach their young to fly? When was flesh first used as food? What 
prophet was fed by ravens during a drought? What animal once 
spoke? Name some characteristics that animals have, to a greater 
or lesser degree, in common with man, and mention one possessed by 
all races of men that there is not only lacking in all animals but is 
impossible of cultivation in them. 

Places. — Name some of the Bible gardens, vineyards, fields, coun- 
tries, provinces, cities towns villages, streets, highways, paths, wells, 
gates, ruins. Which were capitals, chief cities, walled cities, cities 
of refuge, Levitical cities, seaports, birth or burial places (or con- 
nected with the residence or journeyings) of famous persons, were the 
scenes of great battles, celebrated for their manufactures, their com- 
merce, their schools, their antiquity, or for the remarkable events and 
sacred associations that cluster around them? What noted cities, 
towns, &c, had each more than one name, or different names at differ- 
ent periods, or no longer exist, or whose exact sites are unknown? 



24 



EETKOSPECT 




What is the modern name of Thessalonica? Where were the seven 
churches of Asia 1 What is meant by the expression l i from Dan even 
to Beer-sheba M ? What was the population 
of Palestine in Solomon's time? On the sub- 
joined map of Palestine in the time of Christ, 
point out Judaea, Peraea, Phoenicia, Galilee, Sa- 
maria, Mt. of Olives, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, 
Bethany, Sidon, Jericho, Tyre, Capernaum, 
Nazareth, Joppa, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of 
Galilee, Dead Sea, Eiver Jordan. Describe a 
journey that you imagine yourself to have made 
through the Holy Land. 

Topography.— Draw (or indicate what 
should appear upon) an outline map of Bible 
lands in Abraham's time; a map snowing the 
route of the children of Israel from Egypt, 
and Canaan as divided from the tribes; a map 
exhibiting the travels of the tabernacle and the 
ark of the covenant ; a map showing Paul 's 
missionary journeys and voyage to Rome. 

Make a cross-section of Palestine, on the 32d parallel, from the 

Mediterranean to the Jordan. 

THE PEOPLE. —Name some of the Bible women, youths, children, 
twins, dwarfs, giants, freaks, blind men, lepers, mutes, patriarchs, 
Levites, priests, bishops, deacons, deaconesses, Nazarenes, Nazarites 
(= Nazirites), prophets, prophetesses, martyrs, missionaries, em- 
perors, kings, queens, princes, princesses, statesmen, judges, dukes, 
Avarriors, heroes, spies, guides, founders of empires or nations or 
cities, progenitors of races or tribes, witches, exorcists, fools, fugi- 
tives, reprobates (conspirators, usurpers, drunkards, liars, bribers, 
thieves, robbers murderers, assassins, desperadoes, &c.) ; persons who 
were fettered, handcuffed, put in stocks, beaten, scourged, maimed, 
stabbed, cast into water, prisons, dungeons, pits, furnaces, or lions ' 
dens, taken captive, sold into slavery, hid, banished, detained, exiled, 
or tortured, were smitten with blindness, leprosy, dumbness, massa- 
cred, or assassinated, or forced to walk through fire, died from ex- 
citement, stoning, poisoning (snakebite, &c), drowning, burning, de- 
capitation, hanging, strangling, crucifixion, pestilence, plague, 
scourge, horrible disease, were trampled to death, cut to pieces, killed 
by arrow or sword, ox-goad, nail, or wild beast, wounded or slain in 
battle, swallowed up in the earth, thrown or fell from towers, walls, 
rocks, &c, caught in collapsing walls, buildings, &c, committed sui- 
cide, or whose lives were miraculously lengthened or shortened. 



RETROSPECT 25 

Write brief biographies (or mention some of the leading events 
and traits in the lives) of Abraham, Joseph, Moses, Samuel, David, 
Elijah, Elisha, the apostles. 

When and where was Christ born? By what other names is he 
known? Of what race, tribe, and lineage was he? Who were his 
parents, and who (if any) his brothers and sisters? What trade did 
he learn? Where did he spend his boyhood? What language did he 
speak? Who were some of his cotemporaries, associates, friends, 
enemies? When and at what age did he begin his ministry, and of 
what duration was it? What were the chief events in his life and 
where did they transpire? What are his most notable parables, 
miracles, discourses, prophecies, sayings? What were his first re- 
corded words, his last? Which of his sayings is found elsewhere 
than in the Gospels? Why, when, where, and with whom was he 
crucified? On what kind of cross? From what scripture is it in- 
ferred that his feet and hands were nailed, and from what verse 
that the purple robe had been removed? Where was he buried? 
What are the principal sources of information respecting him? 
What feature in an incident in his life gave rise to the absurd no- 
tion that 13 is an unlucky number and what that Friday is an un 
lucky day? 

Give in chronological order the chief events in the life of Paul. 
Who were some of his kinsfolk? What were his favorite themes? 
What peculiarities may be noted in his style and modes of thought? 

Point out some of the unnamed people of the Bible; genealogical 
tables; allusions to members of the Herodian family; passages re- 
lating to the ill-treatment of God's messengers. Give a brief char- 
acter sketch of Methuselah's father. Who were the three sons of 
Noah; the three patriarchs from whom the Jews reckon descent; the 
thirteen children of Jacob; Job's friends; our first parents and their 
sons; the parents of John the Baptist? How many Marys, Azarias, 
Noahs and Ekers are referred to in the Bible? What four women 
lived before the flood? What two kings died simultaneously? Who 
housed the ark of the covenant three months? What Bible persons 
had more than one name? Who could l( sling stones at an hair 
breadth and not miss"? Who were noted for their ambidexterity? 
Why is a furious driver called a Jehu? Who made an ivory house? 
What famous Old Testament prophet is not mentioned in the New 
Testament? Who lived to the greatest recorded age? 

Food.— What was the staple vegetable diet of the Hebrews, what 
flesh most esteemed by them, what their principal meals? Of what 
was their bread made, in what form baked, and in what different 
way from ours was it served? For what purpose was leaven employed? 



26 RETROSPECT 

Cite a scripture instance of cannibalism. Compile a menu of foods 
and condiments mentioned in the Bible. 

Dress. — Mention the articles of apparel, accoutrements of war, 
head-dress, footwear, jewelry and other personal ornaments, cosmet- 
ics, perfumes, &c, referred to in the Bible. What attention was paid 
by the Hebrews to the hair and how was it usually worn? What did 
plucking or cutting off the beard betoken? Who wore camel's hair 
cloth? What woman painted her face? What were the vestments of 
the Jewish priests and of the high priest? 

Health. —Quote some of the sanitary regulations of the Mosaic 
code with regard to cleanliness and with regard to the isolation and 
treatment of infectious and contagious diseases. Point out some of 
the ailments, plagues, epidemics, pestilences, poisons, and remedies 
alluded to in the Bible. What instances does it contain of surgical 
operations; of reductions of fractures; of real, feigned, or imputed 
insanity. Who suffered a dislocation? Who died of gout? Quote a 
verse alluding to the body, head, face, eyes, ears, mouth, tongue, lips, 
arms, hands, fingers, feet, soul. Is man a body with a soul or a soul 
with a body? 

Amusements.— What place does the Bible give amusements in 
life? Is it not the leading of nature and the teaching of revelation 
that the child should "play itself into work"? What riddle did Sam- 
son once propound? 

Customs.— What glimpses are afforded in the Bible of the social 
usages of its peoples as regards salutations, hospitalities, posture at 
meals, precedence, anointing, feet-washing and other purifications, 
betrothals, weddings, gifts, banquets and feasts, funerals, burials, 
mourning? 

Education.— What light does the Bible shed on the education 
and training of Hebrew youth? Mention some famous Hebrew 
teachers and schools of the prophets. Who was learned in "all the 
wisdom of the Egyptians M ? What city had sixscore thousand who 
could not discern between their right hand and their left hand? 
What New Testament missionary learned important lessons in the 
"university of work"? What were some of the characteristics of 
Christ's teaching, as regards its substance and manner? 

Religion. —Name some of the Jewish feasts, fasts, and festivals, 
including their ' ' days ' ' and annual solemnities ; state when, where, 
and how observed and what they commemorated or signified. Cite in- 
stances of special fasts and the occasions which gave rise to them. 
What different kinds of offerings and sacrifices did the Mosaic ritual 



KETKOSPECT 2? 

prescribe, of what did they consist, and what did they express? What 
was the idea or purpose of altars, incense, vows? What prince was 
offered as a burnt offering? State what rites or sacraments Christ 
instituted; what the duties were of the Levites, priests, and high 
priest; what high-places, idols, heathen deities, and heathen ceremo- 
nials are mentioned in the Bible. 

Institutions. — Make a diagram of the tabernacle, showing the 
location in it of the holy of holies, ark of the covenant, table of 
shrewbread, altar of incense, golden candlestick, altar of burnt offer- 
ings, and laver. How did Moses get its plan, where and when was it 
constructed, of what materials, what was its object, who were charged 
with the care of it, and what was its relative position in the camp 
and on the march during the journeyings of the children of Israel? 
Who erected the "first temple, " and where? How did it differ in 
respect of size, materials, &c, from the tabernacle, and how long after 
its destruction was the "second temple' 7 begun? Who repaired and 
beautified the latter? Where was a rival temple erected? On what 
day did the high priest enter the holy of holies and what did he do 
in it? What did the ark of the covenant contain? Who once caught 
hold on the horns of the altar, and why? What officers did syna- 
gogues have and what services were conducted in them? 

Laws. — What may be gleaned from scripture of the political, 
civil, and criminal laws of orientals and of the Eoman empire with 
respect to the primary rights of life, liberty, and property; the crimes, 
&e., of murder, assault, trespass, perjury, theft, kidnaping, arson, 
drunkenness, profanity, idolatry, witchcraft, blasphemy, treason; the 
matters of landmarks, food, conveyance, contracts, wills, estates, 
registration, taxes and taxation, tithes, usury, pledges, debtor and 
creditor, lost and found, birthright, military service, marriage and 
divorce, witnesses and testimony; the relations of husband and 
wife, parent and child, guardian and ward, master and servant? 
What were some of the modes of legal procedure and punishment? 
What was the sanhedrin, and what hint is there that Paul was once 
a member of it? For whom does the Bible say the "law" was 
made? Whose laws altered not? What changes, if any, have oc- 
curred in God's laws? 

Government.— Point out, in Hebrew history, the patriarchal pe- 
riod, the theocracy, the united monarchy, the divided kingdom, periods 
of no government (anarchy). What name is applied to a government 
by the rich, by the nobility, by the few, by the people? In whose 
vision are great voices quoted as saying ' ' The kingdoms of this world 
are become the kingdoms of our Lord"? 



28 RETROSPECT 

War. —Mention some of the military organizations, alliances, 
plots, stratagems, feuds, revolts, sieges, escapes, massacres, and servi- 
tudes referred to in the Bible; also, make a list of the principal bat- 
tles, stating when and where fought, the size of the contending armies, 
the victors, the number slain, taken prisoners, or put to flight, the ter- 
ritory seized or tribute exacted. How many soldiers constituted a 
century, a cohort, a legion? In what epic is found tl Him the al- 
mighty Power hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky. ' ' and on 
what passages of Scripture is it based? What poet wrote " The As- 
syrian came down like the wolf on the fold, ' ' and the destruction of 
whose army does it picture? 

Chronology. —When did the Jewish year begin, of what months 
did it consist, and from what phase of the moon were they reckoned"? 
What was the object of having an intercalary month? When did their 
day begin and end. and into what periods was it divided? What were 
the Roman divisions of the day, as referred to in the Xew Testa- 
ment ? When, according to our calendar, do Christmas, Xew Year's, 
Palm Sunday, Passion Week, Good Friday. Easter, Ascension Day 
(— Holy Thursday) and Whitsunday fall, what do they commemo- 
rate, and why some of them i k movable ' ' ? What do Anno Mnndi, 
Anno Domini, B. C, A. U. C, O. S.. X. S.. antediluvian, post-diluvian, 
post-exilic, and circuni (or circa) denote? How many weekdays are 
there in a week and which day of the week is not a weekday? What 
day is the Jewish and what the Christian sabbath? When, in Pales- 
tine, do the barley and wheat harvests occur, the dry season, plowing 
and sowing, the vintage? 

Measures. — What Bible measure of length denotes the distance 
from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when ex- 
tended; the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger; 
the distance which a man can extend his arms ; the width of the hand ? 
(iive the English equivalents of the principal Bible measures of sur- 
face, capacity, weight. How far was the little ship from land at the 
time of the great draught of fishes? How many measures of barley 
• lid Boaz give Ruth? How large was Xoah 's ark? How tall Goliath 
how heavy his coat ? 
Money. — Where is found the first notice of the use of money? 
How much did Abraham pay for the cave of Machpelah? What are 
the V. s. equivalents in intrinsic value of the Bible mite, penny, 
farthing, shekel, talent. 

Occupations. —What, in Bible countries, were the principal pur- 
men, and what the work of women? Who -rpenter, 
r, a tentmaker? Which prophet was by trade a 
ich a plowman, and which --1? 



RETROSPECT 29 

Utensils, &c — Enumerate the principal household furnishings, 
articles of lighting, tools, vessels, and implements of agriculture, of 
sport, of hunting, of defence, and of war mentioned in the Bible. 
What prophet alludes to beds of ivory? What giant had an iron 
bedstead? With what did Shamgar smite six hundred men? 

Architecture. — Mention some of the dwellings, prisons, palaces, 
thrones, stairways, towers, walls, gates, fortresses, sepulchres, reser- 
voirs, nautical craft, and architectural terms of scripture. What are 
the first allusions in the Bible to stone-cutting and mortar? Who 
built a house for his Egyptian queen? 

Music. — Xame the principal orchestras, choirs, musical terms and 
instruments, and songs of the Bible. Where is found the Magnificat. 
Benedictus, Xunc Dimittis, Miserere, Gloria in Excelsis? Mention 
some of the famous hymns, lyric poems, concertos, oratorios, and 
plays based on scripture thoughts, persons, or events. 

Travel and Traffic. —What are some of the modes of transporta- 
tion to which the Bible refers, some of the articles of commerce (im- 
ports, exports, &c.)j some of the great highways? Along what 
4 'way' ' did Paul enter Rome? What voyage took him between Scylla 
and Charybdis and alongside two cities subsequently buried by vol- 
canic eruption? Point out conveniences, inconveniences, and perils 
connected with travel in Xew Testament times. What was a ' ' sab- 
bath day 's journey ' ' ! 

History. — Xame (or construct a chart of) the chief events of 
Bible history. Show how their general course was westward. Men- 
tion the notable gatherings, convocations, earthquakes, night scenes, 
winter scenes, sea scenes, temple scenes, coincidences, dedications, 
censuses, tribes, races, and nations of the Bible. Trace the origin 
of the Jewish people, point out the various names by which they were 
known, and show the many ways in which they have been a wonderful 
blessing to the world. What beings, places, etc., existed before the 
creation? In what year of Nebuchadnezzar was the first temple de- 
stroyed by fire? (This may be ascertained by multiplying the num- 
ber of recorded sayings of Jesus on the cross and the number of 
persons saved in the ark. dividing by the number of times Xaaman 
washed in Jordan, adding the number of times Jericho was compassed 
under Joshua, and subtracting the number of mites the poor widow 
cast into the temple treasury.) 

THE BOOK. — By what other names is the Bible also known? 
What is its object? Is it merely a book of rules, or a book of prin- 
ciples and truths illustrated by varied applications thereof to specific 
- 1 Point out some of the wrong ways of viewing and using it. 



30 RETROSPECT 

Divisions. — What relation does the Old Testament bear to the 
New ? State how many books there are in each ; their names and rela- 
tive position (" order ") in the English and principal other versions; 
the names, nationalities, and occupations of the writers of such of 
the books as are not anonymous; where, when, or on what occasions 
written; to whom written; topic, purpose, or key-note; nature and 
arrangement of contents; period covered; distinguishing features. 
Which books did Moses, David, Luke, John write? What book imme- 
diately precedes and what one immediately follows Jeremiah? What 
book is between Job and Proverbs, and what books between Numbers 
and Ruth? Open the Bible offhand as near Isaiah as possible. What 
different books parallel each other, and what chapters of the Bible 
are nearly or exactly alike? What books mentioned in scripture 
have not been preserved? How many chapters, verses, words, and 
letters are in the N. T., O. T., Bible? Which books are without chap- 
ters, and which have no direct allusion to God? Which is the first 
book, last book, middle book, first and last and middle verse, longest 
and shortest and middle chapter, longest and shortest verse, and long- 
est word, of the O. T., N. T., Bible? When or by whom was the 
Bible text first divided into sections or chapters and into paragraphs 
or verses; and when were chapter headings, notes of chronology, mar- 
ginal references, and footnotes added? What is, or of what con- 
sists, the Pentateuch (also known as the "Law" = Torah, and as 
"Moses"), Hexateuch, Major Prophets, Minor Prophets, Hagio- 
grapha (= Ketubim), Psalter, Canticles, Gospels, Synoptics, Apo- 
calypse, Apocrypha, Talmud? Which are the poetical, didactic, bio- 
graphical, and historical books; and which the Pauline, pastoral, gen- 
eral (= catholic) epistles? Which is the Psalm of the cross, crook, 
crown ? 

Language. — In what languages was the Bible originally written? 
How many letters has the Hebrew alphabet, in which direction are 
they written, which of them is the smallest, and which (if any) are 
vowels? What is the first, the last, and the smallest letter of the 
Greek alphabet? Why the headings Aleph, Beth, Gimel, etc., in the 
119th Psalm? Why are Old Testament names such as Messiah, 
Elijah, Jeremiah, &c, rendered in the New Testament Messias, Elias, 
Jeremias, &c? Give some of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin equiva- 
lents of the following: 



KETEOSPECT 



31 



English 


Hebrew 


Greek 


Latin 


Mount 








Fountain 

Sea 


River 


Valley 

Stone 


Father 


Mother 


Son 


Shepherd 

House, home 

Skull 


Death 


View 


Grave or "hell" 

Unbeliever 

Peace 


Truly 


Strength 

Little 


Pleasant 


Bitter 

Book 

God 

Saviour 

We do not know . . 
I have found . . . 
Brotherly love . . . 



Indicate the sense in which the following are employed in the 
Bible, particularly of such as are peculiar to the common version: 
Abaddon, again (Matt. 27:63), Armageddon, Asia, avouch, belial, 
bewray, boiled, corban, ciel, clout, corn, creek, divers, gamma dim, gin, 
glister, GOD, God, LORD, Lord, lord, noised, holpen, hough, lot, mam- 
mon marish, minish, passion, raca, reins, sabaoth, scrip, strawed, 
shew, sith, strake, strowed, throughly, tow, trow, wont. What is 
the meaning of azazel, ecce homo, holy grail, via dolorosa, I. H. S., 
MS., MSS., teraphim, shekinah, paschal? 

Why do so many verses in the Gospels begin with a conjunction 



1 


mine, my 


me 


thou 


thine, thy 


thee 


he 


his 


him 


she 


her 


her 


it 


his 


it 



32 EETEOSPECT 

(for example, "and," Mark 3)? Point out, in the following list of 
personal pronouns used in the common version, five that are not gen- 
erally employed in modern English: 

we our, our's* us 

ye your, your's* you 

J- they their, their 's* them 

* Some editions omit the apostrophe. 

Why does not "its'* occur in the common version? What form is 
used instead (Prov. 23:31; Acts 12:10, &c). Point out, in Luke 
22: 31, 32, the singular pronouns referring to Simon Peter alone and 
the plural ones referring to the apostles generally. Supply the nom- 
inative in "Search the scriptures, ' ' John 5:39. What proper names 
in the Bible are accented on the last syllable? Pronounce Jehalelel, 
Mahalaleel, Maleleel. (Note: The unusual phonetic combination in 
these three words can be excellently illustrated by writing them in 
shorthand). How are quotations indicated in the Bible and what do 
italics as used therein denote? Give the plurals of the Hebrew words 
seraph, baal, cherub. Quote a scripture proper name (if any) that 
has a "w" in it. How often does the word "and" occur in the 
Bible and what verse contains all the letters of the English alpha- 
bet except "j"? What Bible chapters in the original are in acrostic 
form and how many verses do they have? The verses of what Psalm 
all end alike? 

Point out in the Bible instances of deviation from the usual (t. e., 
"grammatical") arrangement of words and from the ordinary forms 
of expression, also cases of employment of figurative language; in 
other words, cite passages that afford examples of transposition, inver- 
sion, elision, simile, metaphor, parallelism, synthesis, period, interroga- 
tion, antithesis, apostrophe, irony, pleonasm, climax, paraleipsis, 
euphemism, hyperbole, &c. Show how thereby, in the specific pas- 
sages quoted, there has been a gain in one or more of the elements 
of vividness, clearness, brevity, and beauty. What allegories are in 
John? Where is found the fable of the thorn-bush? What inscrip- 
tion was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin? What other ways 
of expressing thought than by language are alluded to in the Bible? 
What was the predominant language of Palestine in the time of 
Christ and the one which he probably spoke? Of what is a cup, font, 
anchor, sheaf, beehive, a symbol? 

Express, in modern English, the words of Luke 2: 29-32. Show 
(using, for example, Luke 24: 25) that it is quite possible to read the 



EETEOSPECT 33 

Bible with so little regard to its punctuation marks and in so slip- 
shod and thoughtless a manner as not only to obscure but even pervert 
the sense. Combine into one narrative the three accounts of Christ's 
baptism. Give a word picture of John 2: 1-11. Who said " Under - 
standest thou what thou readest"? Explain the apparant contradic- 
tions in Proverbs 26 : 4, 5, and Galatians 6 : 2, 5. Cite several abused 
and misused texts of the Bible. What are some of the essentials to 
a right interpretation of scripture? Wherein are the revised ver- 
sions superior to the common version? 

Doctrines. —Give a brief synopsis of the Bible teachings with 
reference to conscience, faith, hope, love, sincerity, truth, humility, 
obedience, reverence, worship, repentance, regeneration, forgiveness, 
giving, temptation, sin, Satan, angels, death, resurrection, judgment, 
future life, heaven, hell, labor, missions, baptism, marriage, Lord's 
Supper (= Eucharist). What notable Bible instances are there 
of conversion? What evidence of the existence of God, and what of 
his nature and attributes, are discoverable from nature and history, 
and what further from revelation? Mention some of the titles, ap- 
pellations, offices, and symbols of the Father, Son, Holy Spirit. What 
ground is there for calling the Devil a brother of the angels? 

Graces and Sins.— What virtues and what vices and evils are 
referred to in the Bible? Who was a conspicuous example of meek- 
ness, of patience? Quote a few of the warnings to and woes or 
curses pronounced against those who wilfully sin, and blessings ad- 
dressed to those who follow after righteousness. 

Promises. — Eepeat some of the promises made to Abraham, the 
repentant, the obedient. Quote one that reaches to the ends of the 
earth and is for all time. 

Parables.— What parables are in the Old Testament? What 
are the New Testament parables, by whom uttered, and how many of 
them are in John? 

Prophecies. — Cite several of the fulfilled and several of the un- 
fulfilled prophecies of scripture. Show that at least one prophet did 
not always fully understand the prophecies he penned. Compile a 
brief biography of Christ consisting of O. T. prophecies of his lineage, 
the place, time, and circumstances of his advent, his office, his char- 
acter, preaching, miracles, suffering, death, burial, resurrection, ascen- 
sion, &c. 

Prayer.— What may be learned from the Bible as to the reasons 
and occasions for prayer; the incentives to pray; in what spirit, when, 
to whom, and in whose name to pray; what to pray for; the con- 



L.cfC. 



34 RETROSPECT 

ditions of prevailing prayer; the influence and power of prayer; as- 
surances to the prayerful; the posture in prayer? Cite Bible exam- 
pies of the prayerful, different kinds of prayer, answer to prayer, 
benedictions. Why did the Jews pray facing Jerusalem? Where is 
found the Lord's Prayer, and what are the first two words of it in 
Latin? 

Miracles. —What is a miracle? What were some of the miracles 
of creation, power exerted over physical nature, of deliverance, heal- 
ing, feeding, restoration to life, translation? When, where, by or 
through whom, and for what object were they performed? Which of 
the miracles of Gospel history were connected with Christ 's birth and 
infancy, which performed at Capernaum, at Cana, in synagogues, on 
the sabbath, during the second year of his ministry, and which are 
peculiar to Mark? On what O. T. miracles did Christ set his seal? 
What infallible proofs exist that there have been miracles (for in- 
stance, of creation, &c.)? 

Questions.— What book of the Bible is made up in large part of 
questions? Ask ten questions on Revelation 22:17, ten on the parable 
of the prodigal son, and five on the word almost. 

Quotations.— From how many O. T. books did Christ quote and 
to how many O. T. incidents allude? How many O. T. books, passa- 
ges, and events are quoted, paraphrased, or referred to, in the N. T.? 
In what citation in the N. T. from the O. T. are the book and chap- 
ter given? Quote from scripture some truths that it enjoins, some 
personal observations and reflections of David and of Simon Peter, 
some sayings of Satan and of Jezebel, some invitations, some of 
Christ 's l l musts. ' ' Point out four errors : * ' Revelations, Lamenta- 
tions, the 118th Psalms, II Corinthians. ' ' Show that "I will make 
him an help-meet ' ' is not in the Bible, and that the common version 
does not contain ' ' Go and wash in the Jordan. ' ' Where is found the 
inscription cast on the Liberty Bell? Where are there represented as 
appearing successively a white horse, a blood red horse, a black horse, 
and a pale horse, and what do they typify? In what scripture verse 
has the expression ' i our elder Brother ' ' its origin ? Who said ' ' All 
that a man hath will he give for his life"? Who, and under what 
circumstances, that "All men are liars''? Whence are the following 
quoted : 

Besom of destruction. 

Under the sun. 

Is there any taste in the white of an egg? 

City of destruction. 

Escaped with the skin of my teeth. 

Mother in Israel 

God save the king. 



RETROSPECT 35 

Pass under the rod. 

Terrible as an army with banners. 

Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you ! 

Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon. 

Shew thyself a man. 

There was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour. 

Canst thou by searching find out God? 

Shall mortal man be more just than God? 

Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? 

There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not 

washed from their filthiness. 
Know ye not that we shall judge angels? 
Come, let us look one another in the face. 
6 For to be car- 
Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin. 

La crainte de l'Eternel est la principale science. 
Ich betrachte meine Wege, und kehre meine Fusze zu deinen 

Zeugnissen. 
Amen, amen, dico tibi, nisi quis renatus fuerit denuo, non potest 

videre regnum Dei. 
Gin aiblins thou wad, thou can mak me clean ! 

Repeat from memory I. Psalm, XXIII. Psalm, John III : 16, Beati- 
tudes, Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandments, Golden Rule, a verse 
from Romans, Ruth, Luke. 

Themes, original and selected, for which fitting texts are to be 
found: No room for Him. . . .Too late. . . .Found wanting. . . .Put- 
ting it off. . . .Pitching the tent towards Sodom. . . .Not far from the 
kingdom .... Walk in the light .... Christ 's supremacy in the heart 
. . . .Patching up the old life. . . .What the Ninevites will say. . . .Un- 
conscious influence. . . .Running without tidings. . . .Too busy to do 
his duty. . . .Doing nothing a preparation for doing worse. . . .Recog- 
nition on earth. . . .Religion the life of God in the soul of man. . . . 
Looking backwards. . . .Courage in dark places. . . .Feasting in safety 
. . . .Nature a partial revelation of God. . . .Expulsive power of a new 
affection .... The religious use of excited feelings .... Obedience the 
remedy for religious perplexity .... Saved by the blood of the lamb 
.... Discouragement an act of unbelief .... Duty not measured by 
(present) ability. . . .The symmetry of life. . . .Neutrality impossible 
. . . .The borrowed ax. . . .The handwriting blotted out. . . .Fasts turned 
into feasts. . . .Good news for prisoners of hope. . . .Laying down un- 
necessary burdens. . . .No forgiveness for unrepented sin. . . .Exact 
obedience. .. .In His steps.... The greatest question ever asked.... 
Growth in knowledge .... Trusting in darkness .... Literalism the bane 
of reason. .. .The folly of having no belief ... .Giving account to 
God. . . .Living to God in small things. . . .The power of an endless 
life. . . .Nothing to wear. .The art of hearing. 

What text would be appropriate on a clock, a sun-dial, over a 
church organ, on a pulpit, a Bible house, in a bed-room? Select at 



36 RETROSPECT 

random ten verses from the Sermon on the Mount and state of what 
theme each is suggestive. Give three thoughts on Jude 24. 

Versions, &c. —Give the approximate ages of the following an- 
cient existing manuscripts of the O. T. and N. T. : 

Uncials (including Sinai tic, Vatican, Alexandrian, Ephraem, 

Beza), 
Cursives, 

The Lewis Syriac, 
Cureton's Syriac, 

Hebrew (particularly the Massoretic), 
Samaritan Pentateuch. 

Give also the approximate dates of the following ancient versions and 
paraphrases of all or portions of the Bible: 

The Targums, 

Septuagint (= "LXX"), 

Vulgate, 

Meso-Gothic (Ulphilas), 

Ormulum. 

State when these English versions and translations were first pub- 
lished: Wycliffe, Purvey, Tyndale, Coverdale, Matthew, Great (or 
Cranmer's), Geneva, Bishops', Rheims N. T., Douay (Douai) 
O. T., King James (= " authorized ' ' or "common" version), Anglo- 
American (or "Revised") version. In what languages and when 
were the following American versions and translations printed: John 
Eliot, Christopher Sauer, Robert Aitken, Hugh Gaines, A. Morse, the 
Collin (for use of Quakers), Boston N. T., Philadelphia Bible, Ameri- 
can standard Revision? 

For what are the Mazarin (or Mazarine), Complutensian Polyglot, 
and Paris Polyglot Bibles noted? When was printed the first Ger- 
man, Italian, Slavic, French, Spanish Bible, and when did Luther 
complete his German translations of the N. T. and O. T.? In what 
forms were books anciently written? 

Point out the errors in spelling, omissions, or peculiar renderings 
of the original, that give the following li mis-print ' ' Bibles their 
names: 

Breeches Vinegar 

Bug To-remain 

Place-makers Standing-fishes 

Printers Discharge 

Treacle Ears-to-ear 

Rosin Wife-hater 

Wicked Rebekah 's-camels. 



EETEOSPECT 37 

What is the sailors ' Bible? Who are the world's Bible? What 
editions of the Bible are notable because of size, cost, illustrations, 
or characters in which printed? 

Authenticity.— What internal evidence and what evidence from 
history, geography, ethnology, nature, monuments, tablets, tombs, 
inscriptions, ruins, excavations, quotations in ancient literature, &c, 
&c, is there of the genuineness of the Bible? How does it contrast, 
in freedom from errors, with all other ancient literature? How can 
one know that the writers of it were ' * inspired " ? What has con- 
tributed to its "preservation"? 

Circulation. — About how many languages and dialects are spoken 
at the present time, and into how many of them has the Bible been 
translated? How many copies is it estimated are issued annually? 

Influence.— What famous movements, institutions, books, paint- 
ings, sculptures, buildings, etc., have had their origin or inspiration in, 
or are based upon or illustrative of, Bible events, scenes, persons, or 
thoughts? 



"Our lives are books ; our deeds, the contents. 
May we so live that at the end of time the 
volume will be called a masterpiece." 



IV. MEMORANDA. 

"Write the things which thou hast seen." — Rev. i : 19. 



DEC 23 1903 



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